This page explains the sources of various content you may have seen in a recent planetarium show.

Planetary Imagery

The surfaces of many planets and other bodies have been captured by satellites and probes. This can include imagery and even topography (like mountains and valleys).

Charon Global Imagery

Charon global imagery courtesy NOAA/Steve Albers and NASA/Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory/Southwest Research Institute.

Earth Global Cloud Imagery

Earth global cloud imagery copyright 2013 Digitalis Education Solutions, Inc. based on imagery courtesy of The Blue Marble Next Generation published by the NASA Earth Observatory. License: For use only with Nightshade G3.

Earth Global Imagery

Earth global imagery and specular map are from R. Stockli, E. Vermote, N. Saleous, R. Simmon and D. Herring (2005). The Blue Marble Next Generation- A true color earth dataset including seasonal dynamics from MODIS. Published by the NASA Earth Observatory. License: public domain

Earth City Lights

Earth city lights copyright 2013 Digitalis Education Solutions, Inc. based on imagery derived from the Suomi NPP VIIRS data provided courtesy of Chris Elvidge (NOAA National Geophysical Data Center). Suomi NPP is the result of a partnership between NASA, NOAA, and the Department of Defense. License: For use only with Nightshade G3.

Europa Global Imagery

Europa global imagery composite copyright 2012 Digitalis Education Solutions, Inc. based on imagery courtesy of Bjorn Jonsson, Galileo Solid State Imaging (NASA/JPL-Caltech), and Voyagers 1 & 2 (NASA/JPL-Caltech). Thank you Bjorn! License: For use only with Nightshade G3.

Mars Global Imagery

Mars global imagery copyright 2013 Digitalis Education Solutions, Inc. derived from Mars Viking Orbiters 1 and 2 published by NASA/JPL-Caltech. License: For use only with Nightshade G3.

Mercury Global Imagery

Mercury global imagery copyright 2013 Digitalis Education Solutions, Inc. based on imagery courtesy of MESSENGER (NASA/JHU-APL). License: For use only with Nightshade G3.

Moon Global Imagery

Moon global imagery copyright 2013 Digitalis Education Solutions, Inc. based on imagery derived from the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter's Near Angle and Wide Angle Cameras. NASA/GSFC/Arizona State University. License: For use only with Nightshade G3.

All Other Body Imagery

All other body imagery is either from or based upon imagery from NASA/JPL-Caltech. Other sources were Stellarium and Celestia, both GPL applications. Licenses: GPLv3+ or public domain depending upon the imagery source.

Pluto Global Imagery

Pluto global imagery courtesy NASA/Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory /Southwest Research Institute.

Constellations

Humans naturally look up and see patterns in the night sky. Different cultures have developed shared characters and stories around these patterns, known as constellations. Constellations can include line drawings and representative artwork.

Arab Constellations

Arab constellations by Kutaibaa Akraa Source: Bibliothéque Nationale de France Départment des manuscrits, Arabe 5036 License: GPLv2

Aymara Constellations

Aymara constellations by DIGISATEL.

Aztec Constellations

Aztec constellations by Enrique Gómez Candelario

Belarussian Constellations

Belarussian constellations by Johan Meuris, based on the article "Astronyms in Belarussian Folk Beliefs" by Tsimafei Avilin in Archaeologia Baltica. License: GPLv2

Boorang Constellations

Boorang constellations by John Morieson and Alex Cherney, License: GPLv2

Chinese Constellations

Chinese constellations are based on diagrams from the Hong Kong Space Museum

Dakota Constellations

Based on the star map "Makoce Wicanhpi Wowapi - D(L)akota Star Map" created by A. Lee, J. Rock and the book "D(L)akota Star Map Constellation Guide: An Introduction to D(L)akota Star Knowledge" by A. Lee, J. Rock, C. O’Rourke. License: GPLv2

Egyptian Constellations

Egyptian constellations are based on the work of Juan Antonio Belmonte, Instituto de Astrofisica de Canarias

Hevelius Constellations

Hevelius constellations adapted by Mark Crossley from Firmamentum Sobiescianum sive Uranographia (Gdansk, 1690) by Johannes Hevelius. Images courtesy of the U.S. Naval Observatory, the Space Telescope Science Institute, and Wikipedia.

Hindu Constellations

Hindu constellations courtesy Vikas Nautiyal

Inca Constellations

Inca dark constellations by Digitalis Education Solutions, Inc. License: CC BY-SA 4.0, No credit required when used on a Digitarium planetarium system.

Kamilaroi Constellations

Kamilaroi constellations by Robert Fuller at Macquarie University, Sydney. License: GPLv2

Korean Constellations

Korean constellations by Jeong, Tae-Min. License: GPLv2

Lokon Constellations

Lokon constellations by Konrad Rybka and produced with the help of Lokono speakers in Suriname (Cassipora) and Guyana (Wakapoa). The research was carried out as part of the project supported by a Rubicon postdoctoral grant from the Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (project number 446-15-012). Quote as: Rybka, Konrad 2018. "Lokono sky culture: a description of Lokono ethnoastronomical knowledge for Stellarium software." License: GPLv2

Macedonian Constellations

Macedonian constellations by Vancho Stojkoski and Gjore Cenev from Macedonian Research Society based primarily on the book "Sky over Macedonia" by Cenev G, 2004. License: GPLv2

Maori Constellations

Maori constellations by Dan Smale License: GPLv2

Mongolian Constellations

Mongolian constellations by Anthony Lagain and Batiste Rousseau mainly based on oral tales of numerous Mongolians met during a two month stay in Mongolia. License: GPLv2

Navajo Constellations

Navajo constellations by Digitalis Education Solutions, Inc. based upon the book "Sharing the Skies: Navajo Astronomy" by Nancy C. Maryboy PhD and David Begay, PhD.

Nazca Constellations

Nazca constellations by DIGISATEL.

Norse Constellations

Norse constellations by Jonas Persson, License: GPLv2

Ojibwe Constellations

Based on the star map "Ojibwe Giizhig Anung Masinaaigan - Ojibwe Sky Star Map" created by A. Lee, W. Wilson, C. Gawboy and the book "Ojibwe Sky Star Map Constellation Guide: An Introduction to Ojibwe Star Knowledge" by A. Lee, W. Wilson, C. Gawboy, J. Tibbetts. License: GPLv2

Polynesian Constellations

Polynesian constellations are based on diagrams from the Polynesian Voyaging Society

Romanian Constellations

Romanian constellations thanks to Mircea Lite on behalf of Baia Mare Planetarium, as a result of a project called "Traditional Romanian Constellations" primarily based on the book "Romanian peasants beliefs in stars and sky" by Ioan Otescu. The Romanian constellation lines, images, scripts and texts for movies prepared by Radu Lodina and Ovidiu Ignat. Art by Zamfir Somcutean. License: Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported

Sardinian Constellations

Sardinian constellations by Giuseppe Putzolu based on research done by Tonino Bussu and Marco Puddu. License: GPLv2

Siberian Constellations

Siberian constellations from Stellarium, based upon: Svjatskij, D.O. Astronomija Drevnej Rusi. - M., 2007. - 664 s. Svjatskij, D.O. Pod svodom hrustal'nogo neba: Ocherki po astral'noj mifologii v oblasti religioznogo i narodnogo mirovozzrenija. Izd. 2-e M.: Knizhnyj dvor "LIBROKOM", 2011. - 192 s. Rut, M.E. Slovar' astronimov. Zvezdnoe nebo po-russki. - M.: AST-PRESS KNIGA, 2010.- 288 s. Karpenko, Ju.A. Nazvanija zvezdnogo neba. - M.: Nauka, 1981. - 184 s. License: GPLv2

Tongan Constellations

Tongan constellations by Dan Smale License: GPLv2

Tukano Constellations

Tukano constellations were part of a research survey conducted between 2005 and 2007 that resulted in a doctoral/PhD thesis (Cardoso, 2007). Relying on Ethnomatematics sources (D’ambrosio, 2002), in practical sky observation activities and on classical sources about constellations observed in Brazil’s Amazon region, we accomplished a sky mapping of these Indian ethnicity: Tukano, Dessano and Tuyuka, but primarily the first. License: GPLv2

Tupi Constellations

Tupi constellations by Paulo Marcelo Pontes License: GPLv2

Modern Western and Inuit Constellation Art

Modern Western and Inuit constellation art created by Johan Meuris License: Free Art License

Modern Western and Inuit Constellation Art Coloring

Modern Western and Inuit constellation art coloring by Erasmo Sesena License: Free Art License

Landscapes

English Garden, Munich

Copyright 2007, 2017 Digitalis Education Solutions, Inc. License: Same as Nightshade G3.

HogeRielen

Authors: Johan Meuris and Robert Spearman

Hurricane Ridge, Olympic National Park, Washington, USA

Authors: Robert Spearman and Johan Meuris. License: GPLv3+.

Mars: Husband Hill, Spirit mosaic

Author: NASA/JPL/Cornell. License: Public Domain.

Moon: Apollo 17 Mission

Author: NASA License: GPLv3+.

Beach: Point Reyes National Seashore, California, USA

Copyright 2009, 2017 Digitalis Education Solutions, Inc. License: Same as Nightshade G3.

Mountain: Royal Basin, Washington, USA

Copyright 2010, 2017 Digitalis Education Solutions, Inc. License: Same as Nightshade G3.

Other

Revised New General Catalogue and Index Catalogue

Copyright 1982-2016 Dr. Wolfgang Steinicke. License: Any non-commercial use of my data is free! If a commercial use is planned, please contact me! Please inform the author Dr. Wolfgang Steinicke (also in case of non-commercial use, e.g. in a free software). In any case, a proper acknowledgment of the source is necessary. This data is part of a scientific project and subject to copyright!

Volumetric galaxy models (Milky Way, SMC, LMC, M31, M33)

Licensed from ilumbra.

Volumetric nebulae models (HD44179, M2-9, MZ3, NGC7009, OH231)

Courtesy of Stephan Wenger (Institut für Computergraphik, TU Braunschweig), Marco Ament (VISUS, Universität Stuttgart), and others. For details, see: Stephan Wenger, Marco Ament, Stefan Guthe, Dirk Lorenz, Andreas Tillmann, Daniel Weiskopf, and Marcus Magnor: "Visualization of Astronomical Nebulae via Distributed Multi-GPU Compressed Sensing Tomography", IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics (TVCG, Proc. Visualization / InfoVis), vol. 18, no. 12, pp. 2188–2197, June 2012.

Volumetric nebulae models (M1, M42, NGC6543)

Licensed from ilumbra.

Sloan Digital Sky Survey DR7 Galaxy Point Cloud Data

Copyright The Sloan Digital Sky Survey Collaboration. License: Licensed for use with Nightshade G3.

Spherical Milky Way

Spherical Milky Way panorama reconstruction. Copyright 2020, Digitalis Education Solutions, Inc. This work has made use of data from the European Space Agency (ESA) mission Gaia, processed by the Gaia Data Processing and Analysis Consortium DPAC. Funding for the DPAC has been provided by national institutions, in particular the institutions participating in the Gaia Multilateral Agreement. License: For use only with Nightshade G3.

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